Format Article/Review

Type of the Paper (Article/Review)

 Title

Firstname Lastname 1, Firstname Lastname 2 and Firstname Lastname 2,* Firstname Lastname 1, Firstname Lastname 2 and Firstname Lastname 2,*

1   Affiliation 1; e-mail@e-mail.com

2   Affiliation 2; e-mail@e-mail.com

*   Correspondence: e-mail@e-mail.com;

 

Abstract

A single paragraph of about 200 words maximum. For research articles, abstracts should give a pertinent overview of the work. We strongly encourage authors to use the following style of structured abstracts, but without headings: (1) Background: Place the question addressed in a broad context and highlight the purpose of the study; (2) Methods: briefly describe the main methods or treatments applied; (3) Results: summarize the article’s main findings; (4) Conclusions: indicate the main conclusions or interpretations. The abstract should be an objective representation of the article and must not present or substantiate results not presented or substantiated in the main text, and it should not exaggerate the main conclusions.

Keywords: keyword 1; keyword 2; keyword 3 (List three to ten pertinent keywords specific to the article yet reasonably common within the subject discipline.)

1. Introduction

The introduction should briefly place the study in a broad context and highlight why it is important. It should define the purpose of the work and its significance. The current state of the research field should be carefully reviewed and key publications cited. Please highlight controversial and diverging hypotheses when necessary. Finally, briefly mention the main aim of the work and highlight the principal conclusions. As far as possible, please keep the introduction comprehensible to scientists outside your particular field of research.

2. Materials and Methods

The Materials and Methods should be described with sufficient details to allow others to replicate and build on the published results. Please note that the publication of your manuscript implicates that you must make all materials, data, computer code, and protocols associated with the publication available to readers. Please disclose at the submission stage any restrictions on the availability of materials or information. New methods and protocols should be described in detail while well-established methods can be briefly described and appropriately cited.

Research manuscripts reporting large datasets deposited in a publicly available database should specify the database and provide the relevant accession numbers. If the accession numbers have not yet been obtained at the time of submission, please state that they will be provided during review. They must be provided prior to publication.

Interventionary studies involving animals or humans, and other studies that require ethical approval, must list the authority that provided approval and the corresponding ethical approval code.

In this section, where applicable, authors are required to disclose details of how generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has been used in this paper (e.g., to generate text, data, or graphics, or to assist in study design, data collection, analysis, or interpretation). The use of GenAI for superficial text editing (e.g., grammar, spelling, punctuation, and formatting) does not need to be declared.

3. Results

This section may be divided by subheadings. It should provide a concise and precise description of the experimental results, their interpretation, as well as the experimental conclusions that can be drawn.

2.1. Subsection

2.1.1. Subsubsection

Bulleted lists look like this:

·           First bullet;

·           Second bullet;

·           Third bullet.

Numbered lists can be added as follows:

1.         First item;

2.         Second item;

3.         Third item.

The text continues here.

2.2. Figures, Tables and Schemes

All figures and tables should be cited in the main text as Figure 1, Table 1, etc.

Figure 1. This is a figure. Schemes follow the same formatting.

Table 1. This is a table. Tables should be placed in the main text near to the first time they are cited.

Title 1

Title 2

Title 3

entry 1

data

data

entry 2

data

data

entry 3

data

data

entry 4

data

data

entry 5

data

data 1

1 Tables may have a footer.

The text continues here (Figure 2 and Table 2).

(a)

(b)

Figure 2. This is a figure. Schemes follow another format. If there are multiple panels, they should be listed as: (a) Description of what is contained in the first panel; (b) Description of what is contained in the second panel. Figures should be placed in the main text near to the first time they are cited.

Table 2. This is a table. Tables should be placed in the main text near to the first time they are cited.

Title 1

Title 2

Title 3

Title 4

entry 1 *

 

 

data

data

data

data

data

data

data

data

data

entry 2

data

data

data

data

data

data

entry 3

data

data

data

data

data

data

data

data

data

data

data

data

entry 4

data

data

data

data

data

data

* Tables may have a footer.

2.3. Formatting of Mathematical Components

This is example 1 of an equation:

a = 1,

(1)

the text following an equation need not be a new paragraph. Please punctuate equations as regular text.

This is example 2 of an equation:

a = b + c + d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k + l + m + n + o + p + q + r + s + t + u + v + w + x + y + z

(2)

the text following an equation need not be a new paragraph. Please punctuate equations as regular text.

4. Discussion

Authors should discuss the results and how they can be interpreted from the perspective of previous studies and of the working hypotheses. The findings and their implications should be discussed in the broadest context possible. Future research directions may also be highlighted.

5. Conclusions

This section is not mandatory but can be added to the manuscript if the discussion is unusually long or complex.

6. Patents

This section is not mandatory but may be added if there are patents resulting from the work reported in this manuscript.

 

Author Contributions: For research articles with several authors, a short paragraph specifying their individual contributions must be provided. The following statements should be used “Conceptualization, X.X. and Y.Y.; methodology, X.X.; software, X.X.; validation, X.X., Y.Y. and Z.Z.; formal analysis, X.X.; investigation, X.X.; resources, X.X.; data curation, X.X.; writing—original draft preparation, X.X.; writing—review and editing, X.X.; visualization, X.X.; supervision, X.X.; project administration, X.X.; funding acquisition, Y.Y. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.” Please turn to the CRediT taxonomy for the term explanation. Authorship must be limited to those who have contributed substantially to the work reported.

Funding: Please add: “This research received no external funding” or “This research was funded by NAME OF FUNDER, grant number XXX” and “The APC was funded by XXX”. Check carefully that the details given are accurate and use the standard spelling of funding agency names at https://search.crossref.org/funding. Any errors may affect your future funding.

Data Availability Statement: We encourage all authors of articles published in IPERS journals to share their research data. In this section, please provide details regarding where data supporting reported results can be found, including links to publicly archived datasets analyzed or generated during the study. Where no new data were created, or where data is unavailable due to privacy or ethical restrictions, a statement is still required.

Acknowledgments: In this section, you can acknowledge any support given which is not covered by the author contribution or funding sections. This may include administrative and technical support, or donations in kind (e.g., materials used for experiments). Where GenAI has been used for purposes such as generating text, data, or graphics, or for study design, data collection, analysis, or interpretation of data, please add “During the preparation of this manuscript/study, the author(s) used [tool name, version information] for the purposes of [description of use]. The authors have reviewed and edited the output and take full responsibility for the content of this publication.”

Conflicts of Interest: Declare conflicts of interest or state “The authors declare no conflicts of interest.” Authors must identify and declare any personal circumstances or interest that may be perceived as inappropriately influencing the representation or interpretation of reported research results. Any role of the funders in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results must be declared in this section. If there is no role, please state “The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results”.

Abbreviations

The following abbreviations are used in this manuscript:

 DOAJ

 Directory of open access journals

 TLA

 Three letter acronym

 LD

 Linear dichroism

Appendix A

Appendix A.1

The appendix is an optional section that can contain details and data supplemental to the main text—for example, explanations of experimental details that would disrupt the flow of the main text but nonetheless remain crucial to understanding and reproducing the research shown; figures of replicates for experiments of which representative data is shown in the main text can be added here if brief, or as Supplementary data. Mathematical proofs of results not central to the paper can be added as an appendix.

 

 

Table A1. This is a table caption.

Title 1

Title 2

Title 3

entry 1

data

data

entry 2

data

data

Appendix B

All appendix sections must be cited in the main text. In the appendices, Figures, Tables, etc. should be labeled starting with “A”—e.g., Figure A1, Figure A2, etc.

References [SSSA-modified Harvard Author–Year citation style]

Journal Article

Steyermark, A.L. and B.E. McGee. 1961. Progress in Elemental Quantitative Organic Analysis: 1960. Microchem. J. 5:389–410.

Book Chapter

Rhoades, J.D. 1996. Salinity: electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. In: D.L. Sparks, A.L. Page, P.A. Helmke, R.H. Loeppert, P. N. Soltanpour, M. A. Tabatabai, C. T. Johnston, and M. E. Sumner (eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 3, Chemical Methods. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA. pp.417–435.

Book

Mills, H.A. and J.B.J. Jones. 1991. Plant Analysis Handbook II: A practical sampling, preparation, analysis, and interpretation guide H.A. Mills and J.B.J. Jones (eds.). Micro-Macro Publishing, Inc., USA.

Webpage (example)

FAO. 2023. Global soil erosion risk map. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [online]. Available at: http://www.fao.org/soils-erosion (Accessed: 12 November 2025).

Conference proceeding (example)

Khan, M.A., S. Ali and R. Zhang. 2022. Responses of canola varieties to saline irrigation. In: T.R. Jones and P.D. Smith (eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Salt-Affected Soils, Lahore, Pakistan, 5–7 April 2022. Soil Sci. Soc. Publ., Lahore. pp.45–52.

Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of IPERS and/or the editor(s). IPERS and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.